What is the process known as "equalization" during descents?

Equalization is a crucial process for divers during descents in order to maintain comfort and prevent injury. As a diver descends, the surrounding water pressure increases, which can create a pressure differential that affects air-filled spaces within the body, particularly the ears. Equalization involves balancing the pressure in the middle ear with the external water pressure to avoid discomfort, barotrauma, or even potential ruptures of the eardrum.

Divers typically perform equalization techniques, such as the Valsalva maneuver, which involves pinching the nose and gently blowing to push air into the Eustachian tubes. Successfully equalizing allows the diver to descend safely while protecting ear health. Understanding equalization is vital for every diver, as it ensures safe and enjoyable underwater experiences free from the risks associated with pressure changes.